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Drug Detection
The
table below includes commonly abused drugs, such as marijuana,
cocaine, hash, methamphetamine and other amphetamines. It was
published in September, 1999, by the National Institute on Drug
Abuse (NIDA). The type of specimen (blood, hair or
urine) to which the table refers is not clear. But the drug
detection times are within the ranges reported by other
sources for urine analysis, and it's the most commonly-used
drug testing method by Federal government.
Commonly Abused Drugs |
Substance |
Street Names |
Medical Uses |
Route of
Administration |
DEA Schedule* |
Drug Detection Times |
Stimulants |
Amphetamine |
Biphetamine, Dexedrine; Black Beauties, Crosses, Hearts |
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obesity, narcolepsy |
Injected, oral, smoked, sniffed |
II |
1-2 days |
Cocaine |
Coke, Crack, Flake, Rocks, Snow |
Local anesthetic, vasoconstrictor |
Injected, smoked, sniffed |
II |
1-4 days |
Methamphetamine |
Desoxyn; Crank, Crystal, Glass, Ice, Speed |
ADHD, obesity, narcolepsy |
Injected, oral, smoked, sniffed |
II |
1-2 days |
Methylphenidate |
Ritalin |
ADHD, narcolepsy |
Injected, oral |
II |
1-2 days |
Nicotine |
Habitrol patch, Nicorette gum, Nicotrol spray, Prostep patch; Cigars,
Cigarettes, Smokeless tobacco, Snuff, Spit tobacco
|
Treatment for nicotine dependence |
Smoked, sniffed, oral, transdermal |
Not Scheduled |
1-2 days |
Hallucinogens and Other Compounds |
LSD |
Acid, Microdot |
None |
Oral |
I |
8 hours |
Mescaline |
Buttons, Cactus, Mesc, Peyote |
None |
Oral |
I |
2-3 days |
Phencyclidine & Analogs |
PCP; Angel Dust, Boat, Hog, Love Boat |
Anesthetic (veterinary) |
Injected, oral, smoked |
I, II |
2-8 days |
Psilocybin |
Magic Mushroom, Purple Passion, Shrooms |
None |
Oral |
I |
8 hours |
Amphetamine variants |
DOB, DOM, MDA, MDMA; Adam, Ecstasy, STP, XTC |
None |
Oral |
I |
1-2 days |
Marijuana |
Blunt, Grass, Herb, Pot, Reefer, Sinsemilla, Smoke, Weed |
None |
Oral, smoked |
I |
1 day - 5 weeks |
Hashish |
Hash |
None |
Oral, smoked |
I |
1 day - 5 weeks |
Tetrahydrocannabinol |
Marinol, THC |
Antiemetic |
Oral, smoked |
I, II |
1 day - 5 weeks |
Anabolic Steroids |
Testosterone (T/E ratio), Stanazolol, Nandrolene |
Hormone Replacement Therapy |
Oral, injected |
III |
Oral: up to 3 weeks (for testosterone and others); Injected: up to 3
months (Nandrolene up to 9 months)
|
Opioids and Morphine Derivatives |
Codeine |
Tylenol w/codeine, Robitussin A-C, Empirin w/codeine, Fiorinal
w/codeine |
Analgesic, antitussive |
Injected, oral |
II, III, IV |
1-2 days |
Heroin |
Diacetylmorphine; Horse, Smack |
None |
Injected, smoked, sniffed |
I |
1-2 days |
Methadone |
Amidone, Dolophine, Methadose |
Analgesic, treatment for opiate dependence |
Injected, oral |
II |
1 day - 1 week |
Morphine |
Roxanol, Duramorph |
Analgesic |
Injected, oral, smoked |
II, III |
1-2 days |
Opium |
Laudanum, Paregoric; Dover's Powder
|
Analgesic, antidiarrheal |
Oral, smoked |
II, III, V |
1-2 days |
Depressants |
Alcohol |
Beer, Wine, Liquor |
Antidote for methanol poisoning |
Oral |
Not Scheduled |
6-10 hours |
Barbiturates |
Amytal, Nembutal, Seconal, Phenobarbital; Barbs |
Anesthetic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative |
Injected, oral |
II, III, IV |
2-10 days |
Benzodiazepines |
Ativan, Halcion, Librium, Rohypnol, Valium; Roofies, Tranks, Xanax |
Antianxiety, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative |
Injected, oral |
IV |
1-6 weeks |
Methaqualone |
Quaalude, Ludes |
None |
Oral |
I |
2 weeks
|
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Schedule I and II drugs have a high potential for abuse.
They require greater storage security and have a quota on
manufacture among other restrictions. Schedule I drugs are
available for research only and have no approved medical
use. Schedule II drugs are available only through
prescription, cannot have refills and require a form for
ordering. Schedule III and IV drugs are available with
prescription, may have 5 refills in 6 months and may be
ordered orally. Most Schedule V drugs are available over the
counter. Drug Cutoff Levels
Drug cutoff levels are the minimum concentrations of
drugs or metabolites that must be present in
specimens, before labs will report the drug testing
results as positive.
Basic testing typically screens for the following, commonly
abused drugs. -
Amphetamines (speed, meth, crank, ecstasy)
-
Cannabinoids (marijuana, hash)
-
Cocaine (coke, crack)
-
Opiates (heroin, morphine, opium, codeine)
-
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Extended
testing might also screen for some or all of the
following, but basic testing is the most common. -
Barbituates (phenobarbital, butabital,
secobarbitol)
-
Benzodiazepines (tranquilizers like Valium,
Librium, Xanax)
-
Ethanol (ethyl alcohol, booze)
-
Hallucinogens (LSD, mushrooms, mescaline,
peyote)
-
Inhalants (paint, glue, hairspray)
-
Anabolic Steroids (synthesized, muscle-building
hormones)
The tables below are
compiled from public-domain information in the
Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug
Testing Programs. (See
Notes
below.) They are for urine analysis of the commonly
abused types of drugs known as the "SAMHSA Five."
Initial Drug Cutoff Levels |
Drug |
Nanograms per Milliliter (ng/ml) |
Marijuana metabolites |
50 |
Cocaine metabolites |
150 |
Opiate metabolites 1 |
2000 |
Phencyclidine (PCP) |
25 |
Amphetamines 2 |
500 |
1 Labs are permitted to initial test all specimens for 6-acetylmorphine
at a 10 ng/ml cutoff
2 Target
analyte must be d-methamphetamine and the
test must significantly cross-react with
MDMA, MDA, and MDEA |
Confirmatory
Drug Cutoff Levels |
Drug |
Nanograms per Milliliter (ng/ml) |
Marijuana metabolite 1 |
15 |
Cocaine metabolite 2 |
100 |
Opiates
Morphine
Codeine
6-acetylmorphine 4 |
2000
2000
10 |
Phencyclidine (PCP) |
25 |
Amphetamines
Amphetamine
Methamphetamine 3
MDMA
MDA
MDEA |
250
250
250
250
250 |
1 Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid
2
Benzoylecgonine
3 Specimen
must also contain d-amphetamine at a
concentration > 100 ng/ml
4
Labs test for 6-acetylmorphine when the
morphine concentration exceeds 2,000 ng/ml |
Note:
If you've never or rarely abused drugs, but happen
to get some into your system close to the time you
submit your specimen, like at a party where pot
smoke fills the air, you'll come in at only about 5
ng/ml for marijuana metabolites. That's well below
the cutoff level of 50 ng/ml, so you're safe. The
tests are only for illegal drug use. If you're on
legit prescription medications and have normal
levels for such, you have nothing to fear.
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